The first living organism on Earth emerged approximately three and a half billion years ago. Since then, life has evolved into countless forms and colonized…
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Category: Worlds
How to Settle the Solar System
Space is marvelous but hostile. If humans intend to be spacefaring, we must identify and overcome major obstacles before colonizing our solar system. Some think…
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The Martian Subsurface: A Shielded Environment for Life?
Among our solar system’s planets, Mars seems a likely spot for future human habitation. Elon Musk is developing an interplanetary vehicle that may someday…
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Terraforming: Stranger than Science Fiction
Elon Musk and NASA are quarrelling about whether it is possible to terraform Mars. The debate is an old one. Terraforming (sometimes called ecopoiesis…
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